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Water Purification Plants
Water purification plants are systems or facilities designed to remove impurities and contaminants from water (from rivers, wells, seawater, or boreholes) to make it safe for drinking or industrial use. They implement a series of physical and chemical processes – such as filtration, chemical coagulation, membrane separation and disinfection – to eliminate solids, organics, pathogens and ions. Typical operations include intake screening, flocculation/coagulation, sedimentation, media filtration, and disinfection (chlorine, UV or ozone). Such plants can be skid-mounted RO/UF systems, or large fixed installations with multiple stages.
Types of Water Purification Plants
Reverse Osmosis (RO) Plants: Remove dissolved salts and contaminants using semi-permeable membranes.
Ultrafiltration (UF) Plants: Use membranes with larger pores than RO for removing suspended particles and microorganisms.
UV Water Purifiers: Use ultraviolet light to kill bacteria and viruses.
Activated Carbon Filters: Remove chlorine, taste, and Odor.
Ion Exchange Systems: Used for deionization or softening.
Distillation Systems: Evaporate and condense water, removing impurities.
Electrode ionization (EDI): Combine ion exchange and electricity to purify water, common in pharma and electronics.
Application in Various Industries
Used wherever clean water is needed: municipal drinking-water supply, bottled water production, and in industries like food & beverage (breweries, dairy), pharmaceuticals, electronics (ultrapure water for semiconductors), power (boiler feed water), and agriculture. Industrial water treatment plants handle process water for manufacturing (rinsing, cooling) and can include desalination for saline sources. Essentially, any application requiring controlled water quality (e.g. printing, textile, laboratories) relies on such purification systems.
Material Selection Considerations
Components must resist corrosion from water and treatment chemicals. Tanks and vessels (for raw water, clarification) are often fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) or carbon steel lined/epoxy-coated; pressure vessels (e.g. RO membrane housings) are usually FRP or stainless steel. Stainless steel (SS 304/316) is common for piping, pumps, and filter housings, offering durability and hygiene. For example, pretreatment tanks can be FRP or SS316 if water is corrosive. Filter housings and cartridges may use SS or PVC, chosen per pressure and water chemistry. Pumps and valves are typically cast iron or stainless (pump casings often stainless for sanitary service). Membrane elements are polymer (polyamide, PVDF) and must withstand high pressure. In summary, selections Favor stainless or plastic for corrosion resistance, balanced with cost – cheap carbon steel is used where appropriate (often with linings), and high-grade alloys for critical parts
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